In February 2026, Japan's Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare approved two regenerative medicine products based on iPS cells, targeting Parkinson's disease and severe heart failure. This decision marks a landmark moment in the history of biology and medicine: the biological rule that "once cells die, they cannot come back" has been challenged at the clinical level for the first time. What began as a discovery in a Kyoto University laboratory two decades ago has now reached patients as approved medical treatment.